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Showing posts from November, 2021

Stages of urine formation

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  Le Tube Proximal (TCP) (figure 3) About 2/3 of the water filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed as it passes through the proximal tube or nearly 120 L / d. 2/3 of the filtered Na + is also reabsorbed, which defines the iso-osmotic character of the water-sodium reabsorption in TCP. Therefore, the tubular fluid is iso-osmotic to the plasma upon arrival in the loop of Henle. The glucose is actively and fully reabsorbed at this level, provided that the blood sugar does not exceed 10 mmol per liter (beyond the filtered load exceeds the glucose reabsorption capacity by TCP, glucose transport is saturable). The bicarbonates are fully reabsorbed so coupled to Na, as their plasma concentration is less than 27 mmol per liter (saturable transport). This step conditions the balance of the acid balance achieved further downstream in the distal tube. The same is true for amino acids and other organic acids. Phosphate reabsorption occurs in TCP coupled to Na and under the hormonal c...

FIND THE RIGHT NUTRITIONAL ADVICE

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  FIND THE RIGHT NUTRITIONAL ADVICE Finding a suitable nutritionist is not always easy. We explain what to look for when looking for holistic nutritional advice.               A change in diet is an extremely sensible investment in your own health. Because a healthy diet has many advantages, you feel more comfortable, mentally clearer, fitter, lose weight (or gain weight - depending on what is required), and if there are diseases, these can be positively influenced with the help of an individually tailored diet. Nutritional advice is, of course, not only recommended for existing illnesses, because especially in the area of ​​health, the following applies: if you are smart, you take precautions. And since a healthy diet has a very good preventive effect, comprehensive nutritional advice is one of the best preventative measures that can be taken. Who needs nutritional advice - who doesn't? Perhaps you are now thinking that I can eat hea...

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS kidney disease

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an alternative method for people with end-stage kidney disease. As a filter, it purifies the blood by using the peritoneum, the membrane surrounding the abdomen, intestine, and other internal organs. Just as effective as hemodialysis, this treatment is carried out at home by the patient or with the help of a healthcare professional (EMS, medical and surgical center (CMS), partner). This treatment requires the placement of a dialysis catheter (flexible plastic tube) in the abdominal cavity during hospitalization. It is left in place permanently. Part of the catheter remains outside the body. A liquid solution (dialysate) is injected into the abdominal cavity through the catheter to be mixed with blood during dialysis—the peritoneum, a semi-permeable, and richly vascularized membrane, act as an artificial kidney. In contact with the dialysate, the blood flow from the peritoneum releases the waste. Due to its composition, dialysate also removes accumulate...